PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY
The melting of polar ice as a cause of sea level changes, or whether tectonic movements were
responsible for changing coastlines have been points of debate ever since it was recognised
that unexplained eustatic fluctuations did occur.
Today it is clear that changing climates are the result of changing conditions at the polar caps. Long term variations of climate
are slow, but predictable. Short term variations are sudden and unpredictable, and in turn
have catastrophic effects [specifically to solar salt evaporation pan production] . In
particular the heat absorbing capacity of the ice caps [Albedo] when the ice becomes
colored can have a relatively sudden erratic influence upon the
immediate world climate, and on sea levels and historically on the
critical supply of Sodium Chloride salt availability. |
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21 SEPTEMBER 2004
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- Sea levels - Solar evaporation -
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A hypothesis for the change of ocean levels
depending on the albedo of the polar ice caps - M.R.Bloch - Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ]
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SEA LEVELS
When investigating the salt trade and coastal salt
production, it has become evident that coastal flooding and at other times lowering
of the sea level, made the filling of solar evaporation pans very difficult. This seems to
have been due to erratic changes of sea levels particularly in the Mediterranean, where
salt production had been relatively easy because of a very small and predictable tide
level, during certain periods, and impossible at other times. The evidence that has
accumulated has indicated flooding of salt fields on coasts according to a curve:- |
Eustatic changes in sea levels, have greatly
affected salt production
At the end of the last ice age, approximately
8000 BP, it is estimated, the sea level rose by more than 60 m. The eustatic changes of
the oceans in prehistoric and historic times are recognised as erratic and steep. A
hypothesis is proposed to explain these erratic changes with Albedo changes of the polar
ice caps, caused in turn by erratic volcanic and terrestrial dust fall-out. Ash layers in
the Antarctic ice cores are connected with historic dislocations of salt production on
ocean coasts and of maritime civilisations. Albedo changes through the dusting of the ice
caps are proposed to be the cause for the decline of glaciation periods generally. Such
albedo changes are connected with volcanic activity on the one hand, and loess formation
on the other, and caused in turn by the growth of the ice caps.
[ A
hypothesis for the change of ocean levels depending on the albedo of the polar ice caps -
M.R.Bloch -
1964 Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ]
- full document
"Small oscillations following the ice age,
resulted from conditions at Antarctica"
21 SEPTEMBER 2004
Antarctic glaciers respond rapidly to climate change, according to
new evidence found by NSIDC scientists. In the wake of the Larsen B Ice
Shelf disintegration in 2002, glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula have
both accelerated and thinned en route to the Weddell Sea. The findings
indicate that ice shelf breakup may rapidly lead to sea level rise.
More >>
Press Release >>
GRL Paper >>
NASA
Information >>
JPL Information >>
CLIMATE and VOLCANIC OUTBREAKS
The post glacial eustatic level changes of the
oceans are explained through
ALBEDO
[Datasets] changes of the
Antarctic ice cap. Erratic Albedo changes are caused mainly by fallout of volcanic dust.
The history of erratic volcanic activity in pre-historic and historical times should be
compared and correlated to the eustatic changes of the ocean levels
Cole-Dai, J. and E. Mosley-Thompson, 1999.
The Pinatubo eruption in South Pole Snow and its potential value to ice
core paleovolcanic records.
Annals of Glaciology, 29, in press.
Snow samples collected in the 1996 austral summer at South Pole show that sulfate
concentrations in snow and, by inference, sulfur aerosol concentrations in the Antarctic
atmosphere were elevated from the end of 1991 to mid-1994 over a stable, non-volcanic
background. The new data support earlier findings that the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption and
the Hudson eruption in the same year deposited volcanic sulfate and tephra in South Pole
snow and provide strong evidence of the global distribution of volcanic materials from the
Pinatubo eruption. In this study, snow samples were taken in 6 snow pits spatially
distributed around the South Pole Station in order to evaluate the local spatial
variability of volcanic signals due to glaciological variables such as snow accumulation
rates and snow redistribution by wind after initial deposition. The results indicate that
Pinatubo sulfate flux varies by as much as 20% throughout a 400 km2 area
centered around the South Pole Station. This glaciological variability probably represents
the likely range of volcanic signals due to variations in snow deposition and
post-depositional changes. The Pinatubo eruption provides an unprecedented opportunity to
estimate aerosol mass loadings by explosive volcanic eruptions found in Antarctic ice
cores via a quantitative relationship between aerosol mass loadings and sulfate flux in
Antarctic snow. Here the satellite-estimated Pinatubo sulfur dioxide emission and the
measured volcanic sulfate flux in snow, with an assumed linearly quantitative
relationship, are used to calculate sulfur dioxide loadings for several well-known
volcanic eruptions in the past 300 years covered by a shallow (42-meters) South Pole firn
core drilled in 1996. The errors for the calculated mass loadings are estimated by means
of the glaciological variability associated with Pinatubo volcanic flux.
Back to Ice Core Home
Page
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the Abstracts List
Back to South Pole
project |
RUAPEHU erupts again The latest
news of the most dangerous of volcanoes to the civilised world.
Ice CoresIce core
evidence now
from many sources, confirms past, and future probability of catastrophic changes in the
rise and fall of the world's sea levels. In the last 2000 years, major volcanic eruptions
have indirectly shifted climates, and increased sea levels, specifically in the
Mediterranean, for example, causing havoc to Roman salt making on the sea shores at
Ostia and Ravenna.
[August 1996]
One of the most dangerous
Volcanoes in the southern Hemisphere, with the potential of spreading its ash over the
Antarctic, causing the ice cap to melt.
Ash - most
probably from volcanoes, coloured the Antractic, and changed its Albedo, The Ice cores
today are the evidence and a warning of a future catastrophe. -. It almost certainly was a
factor in a catastrophic rise of 72 m at the Dead Sea from 60 BC -
90 BC.
GULIYA ICE CORE
For years, researchers have assumed that the climate
in the tropics and sub-tropics has been fairly stable, [Mosley-Thompson ]. But the
new core from
Guliya, along with their other low-latitude ice core records, suggests that the
tropics and sub-tropics may have experienced considerable climate variability during the
last 100,000 years.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
[ A
hypothesis for the change of ocean levels depending on the albedo of the polar ice caps -
M.R.Bloch -
1964 Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ]
- full document
Salt
Spray - Bromine [
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![[ ]](http://www.salt.org.il/icons/layout.gif)
burstingbubbles.pdf 03-Mar-2002
20:33 207k
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nitrogenorigin.pdf 03-Mar-2002
20:32 414k
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oceanspray.pdf 03-Mar-2002 20:33 357k
Index of warnings and
data While investigating the historical references of the
catastrophic effects of sealevel changes to salt production supply and
distribution, perhaps we could prepare for similar events that may
occurring our
own era.
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Copyright David Bloch, 1996. All rights
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Antarctic
Glaciers Accelerate in Wake of Ice Shelf Breakup